Shared Mechanisms Between Osteoarthritis and Cardiovascular Disease: A Clinical and Pathophysiological Review

Osteoarthritis (OA) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) are two highly prevalent conditions that often coexist, especially in older adults. This paper explores the complex relationship between OA and CVD, highlighting their shared risk factors, such as aging, obesity, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction. It delves into how age-related changes in both the joints and the cardiovascular system contribute to disease progression. The role of oxidative stress, chondrocyte senescence, and endothelial dysfunction are examined as key mechanisms linking these conditions. Pharmacological treatments commonly used in OA, including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and corticosteroids, are discussed in terms of their cardiovascular implications. In addition, the paper reviews current diagnostic approaches for CVD in OA patients and suggests that a more comprehensive and personalized strategy is needed. It also evaluates lifestyle and pharmacologic interventions that could benefit both joint and cardiovascular health. While evidence supports a connection between OA and increased cardiovascular risk, the paper emphasizes the need for further research to clarify causation, improve risk prediction, and guide multidisciplinary treatment strategies. Ultimately, integrating cardiovascular care into OA management can lead to better outcomes and quality of life for affected individuals.