Interplay of psychological factors and bronchial asthma: a comprehensive review

Bronchial asthma, a chronic condition marked by persistent inflammation and bronchial obstruction, affects over 334 million people globally. Although extensive research has been conducted on its biological and environmental causes, the impact of psychiatric disorders such as stress and anxiety on asthma is less understood, despite their significant association with the condition. Stress can exacerbate asthma by weakening the body's response to medications and is associated with a higher prevalence of anxiety and depressive disorders among asthmatics. A bidirectional relationship exists between asthma and psychiatric disorders, influenced by genetic and environmental factors. The interplay between asthma and psychological states involves psychophysiological mediation, medication noncompliance, exposure to triggers, and symptom misperception. Non-pharmacological interventions, including cognitive behavioral therapy, relaxation therapy, breathing exercises, and yoga, show promise in reducing the asthma burden. Combined efforts between mental health specialists and allergists can improve symptom control, quality of life, and overall functioning in asthma patients, thereby decreasing morbidity and mortality.