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Exercise-induced angina in the cold.

C F Brown, N B Oldridge

    Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
    |October 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Cold environments, not cold air, significantly worsen exercise-induced angina (AP) in cardiac patients. Exposure to a cold environment (-7.5°C) reduced exercise time more than inhaling cold air (0.7°C).

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Environmental Medicine
    • Exercise Physiology

    Background:

    • Exercise-induced angina (AP) is a frequent issue for cardiac patients, especially during cold weather exercise.
    • The impact of environmental temperature and inspired air temperature on AP requires further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To determine the effects of environmental and inspired air temperature on exercise-induced angina (AP) in patients with a history of cold-induced AP.
    • To differentiate the effects of cold environment versus cold air inhalation on exercise tolerance and AP.

    Main Methods:

    • Nine patients with cold-induced AP performed cycle ergometry in a climatic chamber under four conditions: room environment/room air, room environment/cold air, cold environment/room air, and cold environment/cold air.
    • Key measurements included oxygen consumption, heart rate, blood pressure, ventilation, and skin temperature, with endpoints being AP or fatigue.

    Main Results:

    • Angina onset was earlier and exercise time was significantly reduced in the cold environment conditions compared to the room environment.
    • Breathing cold air in a room environment did not significantly decrease exercise tolerance.
    • Lower skin temperatures and higher submaximal systolic blood pressure and rate-pressure product were observed in the cold environment.

    Conclusions:

    • The adverse effects of cold on exercising angina patients are primarily driven by exposure to a cold environment, rather than by inhaling cold air.
    • Environmental temperature plays a more critical role in triggering exercise-induced angina than inspired air temperature.

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