Analysis of loneliness and its related factors in patients undergoing peripheral blood stem cell transplantation

To explore the determinants of loneliness among patients undergoing peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (PBSCT) and to identify factors that influence their loneliness levels, with the aim of developing targeted nursing strategies and interventions.

A total of 300 PBSCT patients were recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a general information questionnaire, the UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA), the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G), and the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). Statistical analyses were performed to assess loneliness levels and identify associated factors.

The average UCLA loneliness score among patients was 52.97 ± 12.35, indicating moderate to high levels of loneliness. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant negative relationship between loneliness and perceived social support as well as other measured dimensions (all P < 0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis identified marital status, employment status, presence of comorbidities, and perceived social support as significant predictors of loneliness (R² = 0.300, adjusted R² = 0.238, F = 17.874, P < 0.001), with social support and health status being the strongest contributors.

Loneliness in PBSCT patients is influenced by various factors, with social support and health status playing critical roles. To mitigate loneliness and enhance patients' quality of life, healthcare teams should prioritize strengthening social support networks and addressing health-related challenges. Regular psychological assessments and timely interventions are essential for reducing loneliness and facilitating recovery in transplant patients.