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Related Concept Videos

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Homeostatic Imbalances in Body Temperature01:19

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Hyperthermia occurs when the body's temperature becomes unusually high, often due to heat exposure, intense physical activity, or certain illnesses. This condition can create a dangerous cycle where elevated body temperature increases the metabolic rate, generating more heat and potentially leading to organ failure and brain damage. A severe form of hyperthermia, called heat stroke, can raise body temperature to life-threatening levels. Fever, on the other hand, is a controlled form of...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Increased Body Temperature01:25

Increased Body Temperature

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A body temperature above  38°C  (100.4 °F) is known as fever or pyrexia, and a person with fever is termed 'febrile.' Typically, the hypothalamus, a part of the brain that acts as the body's thermostat, regulates body temperature through a thermoregulatory setpoint. It receives signals from cold and warm thermal receptors throughout the body and adjusts the body's temperature accordingly. Fever occurs when this hypothalamic setpoint is altered, usually in...
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Major Hormones and Their Functions01:27

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Hormones, the biochemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, are pivotal in regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis. Each hormone's balance is crucial; imbalances can lead to significant physiological disruptions. Major hormones include oxytocin, cortisol, epinephrine, estrogen, testosterone, thyroxine, growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon.
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Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Minimal Invasive Resection of Large Retrosternal Thyroid Goiter
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[Thyroid Storm and Myxedema Coma].

Matthias Auer, Eleni Pappa

    Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)
    |July 21, 2025
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Thyrotoxic crisis and myxedema coma are rare, life-threatening thyroid emergencies. Prompt diagnosis and intensive care are crucial for managing these hypermetabolic and hypometabolic states to improve patient outcomes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Emergency Medicine

    Background:

    • Thyrotoxic crisis and myxedema coma are rare but critical endocrinological emergencies.
    • Both conditions carry high mortality rates despite treatment, necessitating urgent medical intervention.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline the key characteristics, diagnostic approaches, and essential treatments for thyrotoxic crisis and myxedema coma.
    • To emphasize the importance of rapid clinical diagnosis and intensive care in managing these thyroid emergencies.

    Main Methods:

    • Clinical picture assessment is primary for diagnosis, with laboratory findings supporting but not delaying treatment initiation.
    • Identification and management of precipitating factors are essential for both conditions.

    Main Results:

    • Thyrotoxic crisis presents with hypermetabolism (fever, tachycardia, agitation) and multiorgan failure.
    • Myxedema coma manifests as a hypometabolic state (hypothermia, bradycardia, impaired consciousness, respiratory failure).

    Conclusions:

    • Treatment for thyrotoxic crisis involves beta-blockers, antithyroid drugs, glucocorticoids, and intensive care.
    • Myxedema coma requires immediate intravenous L-thyroxine and hydrocortisone.
    • Interdisciplinary care and consistent follow-up of the underlying thyroid disease are vital for prognosis.