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Drug Dosing: Obese Patients01:21

Drug Dosing: Obese Patients

In the United States, obesity is a prominent concern. It is linked to heightened mortality rates due to increased occurrences of conditions such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, and diabetes compared to nonobese individuals. A patient is classified as obese if their actual body weight surpasses the ideal or desirable body weight by 20%, based on Metropolitan Life Insurance Company data. Ideal body weights consider average weights and heights for males and females...
Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution01:25

Pharmacokinetics in Obese Patients: Drug Absorption and Distribution

Obesity significantly alters the pharmacokinetic processes of drug absorption and distribution, presenting unique challenges in medical treatment. The increased fat tissue and decreased lean muscle in obese individuals can significantly affect how drugs are absorbed into the body and distributed across different tissues. This alteration can lead to variances in the effectiveness and safety of medications, necessitating adjustments in dosing or drug selection for obese patients.One notable...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 3, 2026

Techniques of Sleeve Gastrectomy and Modified Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Mice
10:05

Techniques of Sleeve Gastrectomy and Modified Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass in Mice

Published on: March 20, 2017

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Racial Disparities in Paediatric Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery: An MBSAQIP Analysis.

Zachary Ballinger1, Jonathan Green2, Muriel Cleary2

  • 1UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.

Pediatric Obesity
|July 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Paediatric metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is diversifying, but racial disparities persist. Black and Hispanic youth have more health issues, suggesting delayed access to MBS. Further research is needed.

Keywords:
MBSAQIPdisparitiespaediatric metabolic and bariatric surgeryrace

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Health Disparities
  • Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery

Background:

  • Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) rates are increasing in adolescents.
  • Understanding disparities in access and outcomes is crucial for equitable care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate disparities in paediatric MBS access and outcomes.
  • To examine the impact of recent policy changes on MBS utilization and results.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 4940 adolescent patients (aged 10-18) undergoing MBS from 2017-2023 using MBSAQIP data.
  • Assessment of trends by race/ethnicity and clinical outcomes via univariate and multivariable logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • While MBS use is diversifying, with increased representation of Hispanic and Black youth, disparities persist.
  • Black and Hispanic adolescents presented with higher burdens of comorbidities like diabetes, sleep apnea, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia.
  • Surgical outcomes were similar across racial groups, but female and Hispanic patients had higher odds of postoperative emergency department visits.

Conclusions:

  • Paediatric MBS is becoming more diverse, yet significant racial disparities in access and comorbidity burden remain.
  • Higher comorbidity rates in Black and Hispanic youth suggest potential delays in accessing MBS, necessitating further investigation and targeted interventions.