Deep learning models to predict CO₂ solubility in imidazolium-based ionic liquids

This study focuses on predicting CO₂ solubility in imidazolium-based ionic liquids using deep learning models with input parameters of critical pressure, critical temperature, molecular weight, and acentric factor. The models evaluated include Bayesian Neural Networks (BNN), Deep Neural Networks (DNN), Gradient Boosting Neural Networks (GrowNet), Tabular Neural Networks (TabNet), Random Forest (RF), and Support Vector Regression (SVR). The results were compared with two PC-SAFT models, namely cQC-PC-SAFT-MSA (1) and cQC-PC-SAFT-MSA (2), where deep learning models performed better than SAFT models. Graphical and statistical analyses revealed that the GrowNet model, with a root mean square error of 0.0073 and a coefficient of determination of 0.9962, exhibited the lowest error compared to other models. In addition, Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) and Shapley additive description (SHAP) analyses highlighted pressure (P) as a key parameter determining CO₂ solubility in imidazolium-based ionic liquids, significantly contributing to model performance.