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Bacterial Phylum Bacteroidota01:26

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The phylum Bacteroidota includes over 700 species classified into four primary orders: Bacteroidales, Cytophagales, Flavobacteriales, and Sphingobacteriales. These gram-negative, non-sporulating rods exhibit saccharolytic capabilities and can be aerobic or fermentative, encompassing obligate aerobes, facultative aerobes, and obligate anaerobes. Many species display gliding motility, though some are nonmotile or use flagella. The genus Bacteroides is well-studied due to its significant role in...
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Proteobacteria, one of the largest and most diverse bacterial phyla, encompasses a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria distinguished by their outer membrane composed of lipopolysaccharides. These microorganisms exhibit various metabolic capabilities, including phototrophy, chemolithotrophy, and heterotrophy, and thrive in diverse environments from soil to aquatic systems and host-associated niches. The phylum is divided into six classes: Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria,...
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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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The phylum Tenericutes, which includes the single class Mollicutes, comprises bacteria that lack cell walls. The term "Mollicutes" derives from the Latin word mollis, meaning "soft." These organisms are among the smallest known and are commonly referred to as mycoplasmas due to the prominence of the genus Mycoplasma, which includes well-known human pathogens. Despite their inability to stain gram-positively (a result of their lack of cell walls), mycoplasmas are phylogenetically related to the...
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The gut microbiome is formed by a vast and diverse community of bacteria that colonizes our large intestine. These bacteria start residing in the gut from birth and continue diversifying throughout life, influenced by factors such as diet, lifestyle, and stress. The gut bacterial community also includes bacteria from food and those that enter the colon through the anus.
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Firmicutes is a diverse phylum of Gram-positive bacteria characterized by a low GC content in their genomes. This phylum includes organisms with monoderm or diderm cell envelopes, highlighting a complex evolutionary history. Firmicutes comprises several major orders, including Lactobacillales, Clostridiales, and Bacillales, which exhibit remarkable diversity in their morphology, metabolism, and ecological roles.The order Lactobacillales includes lactic acid bacteria, which are fermentative...
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Bacteroides- and Prevotella-enriched gut microbial clusters associate with metabolic risks.

Yi Rou Bah1, Kairi Baba2, Dayang Nurul Asyiqin Binte Mustafa1

  • 1Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232, Singapore.

Gut Pathogens
|July 21, 2025
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Summary

Gut microbiome enterotypes impact metabolic health. Specific profiles like Bacteroides 2 (B2) and Prevotella 2 (P2) are linked to increased risks of obesity, hypertension, and diabetes due to altered microbial functions.

Keywords:
BacteroidetesEnterotypeMetabolic diseaseMicrobiomePrevotella

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiome research
  • Metabolic health
  • Human physiology

Background:

  • The gut microbiome is crucial for human health, influencing metabolism and immunity.
  • Disruptions in gut microbial communities are increasingly associated with metabolic disorders.
  • Enterotype clustering is a method for classifying gut microbiome composition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between gut microbiome profiles and metabolic health in a large-scale Japanese cohort.
  • To identify specific gut microbial enterotypes linked to metabolic disease risk.
  • To explore the functional implications of different enterotypes on host metabolism.

Main Methods:

  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to analyze gut microbiome composition.
  • Four-enterotype and refined seven-enterotype clustering were applied to categorize microbial profiles.
  • Microbial metabolic influence network analysis was performed to understand functional interactions.

Main Results:

  • The Bacteroides 2 (B2) enterotype was associated with lower alpha-diversity and increased risk of obesity and hypertension.
  • A novel Prevotella 2 (P2) enterotype was identified, linked to a nearly two-fold increased risk of obesity and diabetes mellitus.
  • B2 and P2 enterotypes showed reduced abundance of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) producers and enrichment of opportunistic pathogens.
  • Enterotype-specific microbial interaction patterns were observed, influencing metabolite production.

Conclusions:

  • Refined enterotype clustering effectively reveals distinct gut microbial patterns associated with metabolic risk.
  • The B2 and P2 enterotypes represent high-risk microbial profiles for metabolic diseases.
  • These findings support microbiome-based stratification and early intervention strategies for metabolic disease management.