Harnessing halophyte-derived allelochemicals and signaling molecules to enhance salinity tolerance in crops

Soil salinization is a growing global challenge that significantly reduces agricultural productivity by impairing seed germination, growth, and yield. While conventional crops have limited tolerance to high salinity, halophytes are promising biological models for developing strategies to sustain agriculture in saline environments and support global food security. This review addresses the potential of halophyte-produced allelochemicals and related signaling molecules to mitigate the impacts of salinization, a topic of growing relevance for sustainable agriculture in a changing climate.

We surveyed and synthesized current research on halophyte allelochemicals and complementary plant-derived molecules and discussed their roles in enhancing resilience to salt stress. Emphasis was placed on distinguishing true allelochemicals from other biologically active compounds and evaluating their applications in plant stress management.

Conventional allelochemicals that are synthesized and released into the environment by halophytes modulate plant responses and may enhance their salt stress resistance. In addition, phytohormones, polyamines, and microbial metabolites have also demonstrated significant hardening effects by enhancing plant tolerance to salinity. Halophytes also provide additional ecosystem benefits as biofuel, forage, or edible crop sources and play a role in phytoremediation.

Using halophyte-derived allelochemicals and complementary signaling molecules offers a viable, environmentally friendly way to increase crop production in saline areas, reduce soil salinization, and conserve freshwater. Future research is expected to focus on optimizing application strategies, evaluating environmental risks, and integrating allelopathy-based approaches into sustainable agricultural systems to enhance crop resilience in the face of climate change.