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Seal finger: a literature review
Satyatejas G Reddy1, Anisa Handa1, Arun Arumugam1
1Medical College of Georgia, Office of Academic Affairs, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.
Abstract:
Seal finger is a rare zoonotic bacterial infection typically caused by Mycoplasma species, transmitted from seals (Pinnipedia suborder) to humans. First documented in 1907, this disease remains under-researched despite growing relevance as humans increasingly encroach on Arctic regions. We conducted a review of multiple databases to evaluate its history, prevalence, at-risk populations, and treatment options. The infection primarily affects individuals who have close contact with marine mammals, including fishers, hunters, sealers, and marine biologists. Seal finger usually presents similarly to panaritium, with localized swelling, erythema, and pain. Due to its rarity and limited awareness among healthcare providers, the infection is often unrecognized, leading to wounds going untreated or being managed with inappropriate antibiotics. This mismanagement allows the infection to progress, potentially involving joints or spreading further, which could have been effectively prevented with a course of tetracycline. Further research is essential to better understand the epidemiology of seal finger and improve timely diagnosis. To reduce complications, more education is needed for physicians working in coastal, Arctic, and aquarium settings about recognizing the disease and administering proper treatment. Enhanced awareness and research can improve patient outcomes and increase the safety of human interactions with seals.
Insights
Seal finger, a rare zoonotic bacterial infection from seals, is under-researched. Prompt diagnosis and tetracycline treatment are crucial to prevent complications in those with marine mammal contact.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Zoonotic Infections
- Marine Mammal Health
Background:
- Seal finger is a rare zoonotic bacterial infection transmitted from seals to humans.
- First documented in 1907, it remains under-researched despite increasing human interaction with Arctic wildlife.
- The infection is often misdiagnosed or untreated due to low awareness among healthcare providers.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the history, prevalence, at-risk populations, and treatment of seal finger.
- To highlight the need for increased research and physician education.
- To improve diagnosis and management of this zoonotic disease.
Main Methods:
- A comprehensive review of multiple scientific databases was conducted.
- Data on seal finger's history, prevalence, affected populations, and treatments were evaluated.
- Literature was analyzed to assess current understanding and identify research gaps.
Main Results:
- Seal finger primarily affects individuals with close contact with marine mammals.
- Symptoms often mimic panaritium, leading to delayed or incorrect treatment.
- Inappropriate antibiotic use can lead to disease progression and complications.
Conclusions:
- Timely diagnosis and effective treatment, such as tetracycline, are essential for preventing seal finger complications.
- Further research is needed to understand the epidemiology and improve diagnostic accuracy.
- Enhanced physician education in relevant settings is critical for recognizing and treating seal finger effectively.
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