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Early specialisation in young gymnasts: a mixed methods study protocol.

Justine Benoit-Piau¹, Evert Verhagen¹, Joseph Baker²

¹Amsterdam Collaboration on Health and Safety in Sports, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam UMC, University Medical Centres - Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine

|July 22, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Early sports specialization in youth gymnastics may increase injury risk and negatively impact mental health, despite potential performance benefits. Further research is needed to understand these complex associations in young athletes.

Keywords:

gymnastics injury performance sport and exercise psychology training

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Area of Science:

Sports Medicine
Pediatric Sports Science
Psychosocial Health in Athletes

Background:

Youth participation in organized sports, particularly gymnastics, has risen.
Early sports specialization is increasingly common but linked to potential negative outcomes.
Existing research on sports specialization's impact on young athletes is incomplete.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe sports specialization patterns in young gymnasts.
To investigate the relationship between sports specialization, injury risk, and psychological health.
To understand the association between sports specialization and physical performance in youth athletes.

Main Methods:

Convergent mixed-methods design combining qualitative and quantitative approaches.
Prospective cohort study over a full sports season.
Assessment of skill acquisition, psychosocial variables (stress, anxiety, quality of life), and injury monitoring via surveys and in-person evaluations.

Main Results:

Data collection ongoing; detailed results pending.
Analysis will focus on correlations between specialization levels and health/performance outcomes.
Qualitative data will provide context on athlete and stakeholder experiences.

Conclusions:

The study protocol is established to address critical gaps in understanding sports specialization.
Findings will inform evidence-based recommendations for youth sports participation and athlete well-being.
This research aims to provide a comprehensive view of specialization's multifaceted effects.