UBD-mediated glycolytic reprogramming promotes M2 macrophage polarization in ovarian cancer immune evasion

Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in women, with immunotherapy resistance (ITR) being a major challenge. Glycolytic metabolic reprogramming has been shown to play a crucial role in the tumor immune microenvironment and immune evasion, yet the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the role of Ubiquitin D (UBD) in OC immunotherapy, particularly its regulation of macrophage polarization through glycolytic metabolism. Using data from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium databases, combined with proteomics techniques, we analyzed the expression of UBD in OC tissues and its correlation with key glycolytic enzymes. Through lentiviral-mediated gene manipulation and in vivo mouse models, we evaluated the effects of UBD on macrophage polarization, glycolytic metabolism, and immunotherapy. The results indicate that UBD promotes M2 macrophage polarization through glycolytic reprogramming, enhancing immune evasion and ITR in OC. Inhibiting UBD or targeting glycolytic pathways may provide new strategies for improving OC immunotherapy.