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Related Concept Videos

Lipid Absorption01:24

Lipid Absorption

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Dietary triglycerides from chyme in the duodenum are mixed with bile salts produced by the liver to emulsify fats. As a result, large droplets are broken down into smaller ones, increasing the surface area for enzymatic action. Once emulsified, pancreatic lipases hydrolyze the triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides.
These breakdown products bind with bile salts and lecithin to form micelles, which quickly pass between microvilli to come in close contact with the apical...
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Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors01:16

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors

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The biliary system of the liver, crucial for bile secretion and drug excretion, comprises intrahepatic bile ducts that merge to form the common hepatic duct. This duct, carrying hepatic bile, combines with the cystic duct, draining the gallbladder and forming the common bile duct, which empties into the duodenum. Bile, produced by hepatic cells lining the bile canaliculi, is composed primarily of water, bile salts, pigments, electrolytes, and lesser amounts of cholesterol and fatty acids. Bile...
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Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters01:14

Hepatic Drug Clearance: Role of Transporters

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In the liver and bile canaliculi, influx and efflux transporters modification can influence intrinsic clearance. Transporters play a significant role in moving drugs within liver cells. Elaborate models, such as the Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS), are essential to relate transporters to drug disposition. This system categorizes drugs into four classes based on solubility and permeability, providing insights into elimination routes and the effects of transporters following oral...
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Bile01:19

Bile

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Bile is a crucial bodily fluid, characterized by its yellow-green color and alkaline nature. Produced in the liver, it is transported through the common hepatic duct into either the cystic duct, leading to the gallbladder, or directly into the common bile duct. The flow of bile is regulated by the sphincter of Oddi located at the entrance of the duodenum. When this sphincter is closed, bile is redirected to the gallbladder for storage and concentration.
Bile is released when dietary fats enter...
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Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry01:20

Factors Affecting Dissolution: Drug Permeability, Stability and Stereochemistry

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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Disease States and Pharmacology01:25

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Disease States and Pharmacology

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Multiple disease states can significantly influence the oral drug absorption process by affecting blood flow and the functionality of the gastrointestinal (GI) system. Various GI diseases, including conditions that alter GI motility, such as diarrhea, decreased acid secretions (achlorhydria), and infections, have been associated with reduced drug absorption.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport
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Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport

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Bile acids affect intestinal barrier function through FXR and TGR5.

Guangyao Song1, Yuxiao Xie1,2, Lanlan Yi1

  • 1College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China.

Frontiers in Medicine
|July 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Bile acids and their receptors, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5), are crucial for intestinal homeostasis. This study explores their role in modulating intestinal barrier function.

Keywords:
FXRTGR5bile acid receptorsbile acidsintestinal barrier

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Ileectomy-induced Bile Overaccumulation in Mouse Intestine
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Last Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport
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Real Time Monitoring of Intracellular Bile Acid Dynamics Using a Genetically Encoded FRET-based Bile Acid Sensor
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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Bile acids are essential for lipid absorption and act as signaling molecules.
  • Enterohepatic circulation and gut microbiota biotransformation highlight bile acid metabolism's role in intestinal homeostasis.
  • The intestinal epithelium expresses farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5), key for bile acid homeostasis and barrier function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of bile acids and their receptors, FXR and TGR5, in modulating intestinal barrier function.
  • To understand the mechanisms by which bile acids influence intestinal homeostasis through these receptors.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on bile acid signaling in the intestine.
  • Analysis of studies investigating FXR and TGR5 expression and function in intestinal epithelial cells.
  • Examination of experimental data on the impact of bile acids on intestinal barrier integrity.

Main Results:

  • FXR and TGR5 activation by bile acids significantly impacts intestinal barrier function.
  • Bile acids modulate tight junction protein expression and paracellular permeability via FXR and TGR5.
  • Disruption of bile acid signaling can compromise intestinal barrier integrity.

Conclusions:

  • Bile acids, through FXR and TGR5, are critical regulators of intestinal barrier function.
  • Targeting bile acid-FXR-TGR5 signaling pathways may offer therapeutic strategies for intestinal diseases.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex interplay between bile acids and intestinal health.