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Intestinal microbiota changes in early life of very preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia: a nested

Tao Ning1,2, Xiaoxue Shan1, Xiaowen Zhuang1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|July 22, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Very preterm infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) show intestinal microbiota dysbiosis. An increased abundance of Ureaplasma urealyticum and a decrease in Veillonella dispar may heighten BPD risk.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a significant complication in very preterm infants.
  • Understanding the gut microbiome's role in BPD is crucial for improving infant outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate alterations in the intestinal microbiota of very preterm infants diagnosed with BPD.
  • To analyze the relationship between gut bacteria and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in BPD development.

Main Methods:

  • 50 very preterm infants (gestational age 24+0–31+6 weeks) were enrolled and divided into BPD and control groups.
  • Fecal samples were collected on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 for 16S rDNA bacterial analysis and SCFA quantification.
  • 30 infants completed the study after exclusions.

Main Results:

  • On day 1, the BPD group had higher Ureaplasma urealyticum (UU) and lower Bacteroidota abundance compared to controls.
  • Microbiota differences diminished by days 7 and 14, with no SCFA differences observed on day 14.
  • A significant decrease in Veillonella dispar was noted in the BPD group by day 28, indicating a progressive decline.

Conclusions:

  • Very preterm infants with BPD exhibit intestinal microbiota dysbiosis.
  • Elevated UU on day 1 and reduced Veillonella dispar on day 28 are potential risk factors for BPD.
Abstract

Keywords:
bronchopulmonary dysplasiahigh-throughput sequencingintestinal/gut microbiotamicrobiota dysbiosispreterm infant

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