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Comprehensive quality evaluation of Codonopsis Radix using HPLC fingerprinting, quantitative analysis, and
Jieyu Lei1, Rulan Jiang1, Meihui Gong2
1School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China. xxj2702@sina.com.
Analytical Methods : Advancing Methods and Applications
|July 22, 2025
Summary
A new HPLC method provides comprehensive quality control for Codonopsis Radix (CR), a traditional Chinese medicine. This system effectively identifies and classifies CR samples from various regions, ensuring standardization and reliability.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacognosy
- Analytical Chemistry
- Traditional Chinese Medicine
Background:
- Codonopsis Radix (CR) is a valuable traditional Chinese medicine with a long history of use.
- Ensuring the quality and standardization of CR is crucial for its medicinal applications.
- Existing quality evaluation methods may not be sufficiently comprehensive for diverse CR sources.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish a comprehensive quality evaluation system for Codonopsis Radix (CR) from different geographical regions.
- To develop and optimize an extraction method for key glycoside components in CR.
- To apply advanced analytical techniques for fingerprinting, quantitative analysis, and chemometric classification of CR samples.
Main Methods:
- Optimized extraction conditions using response surface methodology (80% methanol, 35 min, 50:1 liquid-to-solid ratio).
- High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) for fingerprinting and quantitative analysis.
- HPLC with Diode Array Detector (DAD) and Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) for peak identification.
- Chemometric analyses including Similarity Analysis (SA), Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Orthogonal Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA) for sample classification.
Main Results:
- An optimized extraction protocol yielded high linearity (R² ≥ 0.9998) and recovery rates (99.46%–101.51%) for glycoside components.
- A common HPLC fingerprint comprising 13 characteristic peaks was established for CR.
- HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS successfully identified the common peaks.
- OPLS-DA demonstrated high efficacy in distinguishing CR samples based on their plant sources and geographical origins.
Conclusions:
- The developed HPLC-based system provides a robust and reliable method for the comprehensive quality evaluation of Codonopsis Radix.
- This approach facilitates effective quality control and standardization of CR, ensuring its medicinal integrity.
- The study offers a valuable tool for researchers and manufacturers working with traditional Chinese medicines like CR.
