Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 14, 2025
Monitoring PD-1-Blocking Antibodies Bound to T Cells Derived from a Drop of Peripheral Blood
Published on: February 5, 2020
Pneumonitis induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review
Ana Casal1,2, Virginia Leiro1,2,3, Laura Villar1,2
1Pulmonary Department, Hospital Universitario Álvaro Cunqueiro, Vigo, Spain.
Introduction:
Pulmonary toxicity induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has a variable incidence and a high index of suspicion is necessary in order to enable a timely approach. There are few studies on the actual epidemiology and specific outcomes of pulmonary toxicity associated with this treatment. The aim of this study is to assess the frequency, characteristics and outcomes of lung injury induced by ICIs.
Methods:
We conducted a systematic review applying predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 7 studies were included.
Results:
ICI-induced pneumonitis is a relevant toxicity, with an incidence ranging from 1% to 7%. The risk is higher with anti-PD-1 than with anti-PD-L1 agents, with observed OR of 4.53 for Nivolumab, 3.56 for Pembrolizumab, 2.48 for Atezolizumab and 20.16 for Durvalumab. Pulmonary toxicity is more frequent in gastrointestinal, colorectal, breast, renal cancer and advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer, particularly when histology is squamous, there is high PD-L1 expression and in patients without prior treatments.
Conclusion:
This systematic review provides an updated synthesis of the available evidence on ICI-associated pneumonitis, with particular attention to incidence, risk factors and progression. It contributes to outlining the profile of this adverse effect and identifying priority areas for future research.
Prospero Protocol Registration Identifier:
CRD420251039825.
More Related Videos
09:17A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii
Published on: January 2, 2017
09:00Characterization of Immune Cells and Proinflammatory Mediators in the Pulmonary Environment
Published on: June 24, 2020
Related Concept Videos
01:30Pneumonia I: Introduction
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
01:29Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology
01:30Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment
01:28Pneumonia IV: Management
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
01:30Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed....
01:25Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-III: Symptoms and Complications.
Symptoms of COPD can be classified as primary or systemic. Primary symptoms relate to reduced airflow, while systemic or extrapulmonary symptoms relate to COPD's broader impact on the body.
Primary Symptoms of COPD: