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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

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A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
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Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

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Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
The Biology of Tissue Transplantation
The biology of tissue transplantation hinges on the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) molecules. These molecules...
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Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors01:16

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors

227
The biliary system of the liver, crucial for bile secretion and drug excretion, comprises intrahepatic bile ducts that merge to form the common hepatic duct. This duct, carrying hepatic bile, combines with the cystic duct, draining the gallbladder and forming the common bile duct, which empties into the duodenum. Bile, produced by hepatic cells lining the bile canaliculi, is composed primarily of water, bile salts, pigments, electrolytes, and lesser amounts of cholesterol and fatty acids. Bile...
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Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure01:26

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

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Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management01:28

Esophageal Varices-II: Clinical Features and Management

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Esophageal varices often manifest as gastrointestinal bleeding episodes, presenting symptoms like hematemesis (vomiting of blood), hematochezia (passing fresh blood via the rectum), and melena (black, tarry stools). Other signs can include weight loss, anorexia, abdominal discomfort, jaundice, pruritus, altered mental status, and muscle cramps.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Reduced Complications after Arterial Reconnection in a Rat Model of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation
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Reduced Complications after Arterial Reconnection in a Rat Model of Orthotopic Liver Transplantation

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Colonization by Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Liver Transplantation: Risk Factors and Survival Impact.

Nathalia Neves Nunes1,2, Lohayne Alves Ferreira1, Fernanda Spadão3

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital das Clinicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Transplant Infectious Disease : an Official Journal of the Transplantation Society
|July 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) colonization in liver transplant recipients did not significantly impact 180-day survival. Risk factors for VRE colonization before and after liver transplantation were identified, but survival outcomes remained unaffected.

Keywords:
antimicrobial resistanceliver transplantationsurvival analysisvancomycin‐resistant enterococci (VRE)

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Last Updated: Sep 14, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Transplant Surgery

Background:

  • Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are multidrug-resistant microorganisms (MDRO) frequently found in liver transplant (LT) recipients.
  • VRE colonization may be linked to poorer outcomes in LT patients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Identify risk factors for VRE colonization in liver transplant recipients.
  • Determine the impact of VRE colonization on post-transplant survival.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of adult LT recipients (2010-2022).
  • Multivariate logistic regression for VRE colonization risk.
  • Multivariate Cox regression for 180-day survival analysis.

Main Results:

  • VRE colonization occurred in 9.8% before LT and 14.5% after LT; 6.4% developed VRE infection.
  • Pre-LT VRE colonization predictors included SBP prophylaxis, acute-on-chronic liver failure, HBV infection, ASA score, hospital stay, and MELD score.
  • Post-LT VRE colonization predictors included pre-LT hospital stay, MELD score, carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative colonization, intraoperative bleeding, and re-transplantation.
  • 180-day mortality was 33.6% for VRE colonization and 50.6% for VRE infection, versus 17.8% for non-colonized patients; this difference was not statistically significant after adjustment.

Conclusions:

  • VRE colonization or infection did not significantly impact survival in liver transplant recipients.
  • Risk factors for VRE colonization in this population were identified.