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Nomenclature of Alkynes02:39

Nomenclature of Alkynes

19.2K
Alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons characterized by the presence of carbon-carbon triple bonds and have a general formula CnH2n-2. The nomenclature of alkynes follows a set of rules similar to alkanes and alkenes; however, alkynes bear the suffix "-yne" instead of "-ane" or "-ene." There are two approaches to naming alkynes:
19.2K
Structure of Conjugated Dienes01:16

Structure of Conjugated Dienes

5.9K
Introduction
Conjugated dienes are compounds characterized by the presence of alternating double and single bonds. In a conjugated system like 1,3-butadiene, the unhybridized 2p orbital on each carbon overlaps continuously, allowing the π electrons to be delocalized across the entire molecule. In contrast, this type of overlap does not occur in cumulated and isolated dienes, such as 2,3-pentadiene and 1,4-pentadiene, respectively. Instead, the π electrons remain localized between the double...
5.9K
Nomenclature of Alkenes02:29

Nomenclature of Alkenes

13.0K
The IUPAC naming system for alkenes replaces -an- with -en- in the corresponding parent alkanes. Accordingly, a simple alkene replaces the -ane suffix of the alkane with -ene.
As per the IUPAC rules, the longest carbon chain containing the maximum number of double bonds is identified as the parent chain and is numbered such that the doubly bonded carbon atoms receive the lowest possible numbers. The location of the double bond is indicated by the number of its first carbon atom. In branched...
13.0K
Structure and Bonding of Alkenes02:47

Structure and Bonding of Alkenes

17.8K
Olefins, which are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing one or more carbon–carbon double bonds, are broadly divided into alkenes and cycloalkenes. The general chemical formula of an alkene is CnH2n.
Doubly bonded carbons are sp2 hybridized and have a trigonal planar geometry. The double bond is composed of a σ bond formed by the overlap of hybrid orbitals and a π bond produced by the lateral overlap of unhybridized 2p orbitals on both the carbons. Each carbon atom is...
17.8K
Structure and Physical Properties of Alkynes02:37

Structure and Physical Properties of Alkynes

11.5K
Introduction:
In nature, compounds containing both carbon and hydrogen are known as "hydrocarbons". Aliphatic hydrocarbons are compounds whose molecules contain saturated single bonds (i.e., alkanes) or unsaturated double or triple bonds. Alkenes contain carbon–carbon double bonds and have a structural formula CnH2n. Unsaturated hydrocarbons containing carbon–carbon triple bonds are called "alkynes" and are structurally represented by the formula CnH2n-2.
The...
11.5K
Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers02:28

Structure and Nomenclature of Ethers

12.5K
Structure and Bonding
Ethers are organic compounds with an ether functional group which is characterized by an oxygen atom connected to two — identical or different — alkyl, aryl, or vinyl groups. The C–O–C linkage in dimethyl ether — the simplest ether — has an approximately tetrahedral bond angle of 110.3 degrees. The oxygen atom is sp3- hybridized, with the C–O distance being about 140 pm.
Classification of Ethers
Based on their attached substituent...
12.5K

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Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units
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Preparation of a Corannulene-functionalized Hexahelicene by CopperI-catalyzed Alkyne-azide Cycloaddition of Nonplanar Polyaromatic Units

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N-Arylene Ethynylene Foldamers: Structures and Functions.

Seungwon Lee1, Geunmoo Song2, Kyu-Sung Jeong1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.

Accounts of Chemical Research
|July 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aromatic foldamers mimic biomacromolecules, forming helical structures for molecular recognition. Recent advances include tunable indolocarbazole-based foldamers and imine-linked systems for selective guest binding and stimuli-responsive transformations.

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Self-assembling Morphologies Obtained from Helical Polycarbodiimide Copolymers and Their Triazole Derivatives
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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Proteins and nucleic acids serve as inspiration for synthetic biomacromolecules.
  • Aromatic foldamers are synthetic molecules that fold into stable secondary or higher-order structures.
  • N-arylene ethynylene foldamers, characterized by alternating aryl heterocycles and ethynyl bonds, form helical structures with internal cavities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the development and applications of N-arylene ethynylene foldamers.
  • To highlight the design principles for controlling foldamer stability and helical handedness.
  • To showcase the use of foldamers in molecular recognition, sensing, and the development of dynamic materials.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of N-arylene ethynylene foldamers with varying aryl heterocycles.
  • Utilizing dynamic covalent chemistry and guest-directed synthesis for homochiral foldamer construction.
  • Investigating guest binding properties and stimuli-responsive behavior of foldamer complexes.

Main Results:

  • Indolocarbazole-pyridine (IP) foldamers allow modulation of folding stability and helical handedness for anion recognition.
  • Indolocarbazole-naphthyridine (IN) foldamers with larger cavities bind monosaccharides like glucose.
  • Homochiral foldamers with fixed helical cavities exhibit selective binding of chiral guests.
  • Imine-linked foldamers form 2:2 complexes with specific sugars, showing temperature-dependent guest switching and domain-swapping assembly.

Conclusions:

  • Aromatic foldamers offer versatile platforms for creating complex molecular architectures with tailored functions.
  • Foldamer chemistry enables the design of systems for selective molecular recognition, sensing, and dynamic material applications.
  • Future directions include developing smart materials, enzyme-like catalysts, and bioapplicable foldamers.