Therapeutic Potential of Standardized Acalypha indica Extract in MPTP-Induced Parkinsonism in Mice

Acalypha indica L. (Euphorbiaceae) is an herbaceous plant widely distributed worldwide in tropical and warmer regions. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by dopamine deficiency, causing motor dysfunction. The main aim of the present study represents the first comprehensive effort to establish the quality control profile of A. indica as per World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines and evaluate its therapeutic potential in managing PD. The quality control parameters include morphological, microscopical, physicochemical, nutritional and safety evaluations. Phytochemical profiling was conducted using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). However, the in vivo anti-Parkinsonian activity of A. indica extract was investigated using the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD model in mice. All the quality control parameters were found within permissible limits as per standard literature. The HPTLC analysis reveals the presence of gallic acid, catechin and kaempferol in the plant extract. An in vivo anti-Parkinsonism behavioural study demonstrated that treatment with A. indica (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.) significantly decreases the anxiety-related behaviours and motor coordination impairments in the elevated plus-maze, rotarod and locomotor activity tests. In conclusion, the study establishes the safety, phytochemical profile and effective therapeutic potential of A. indica in the MPTP-induced Parkinsonism model of mice.