Rubber arm illusion in octopus

We instinctively know our hands and legs belong to us when we see them. This perception, known as the sense of body ownership¹, is a fundamental aspect of self-consciousness. Although studies show that this sense exists in some mammals, such as humans², monkeys^3,4, and rodents⁵, research on its existence in non-mammalian animals is still lacking. In this study, we used the rubber hand illusion² to demonstrate that an octopus, an invertebrate (cephalopod mollusk), also experiences body ownership of its arms. VIDEO ABSTRACT.