Gut microbiota-host post-translational modification axis in immunometabolic diseases

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Molecular Biology
• Immunology

Background:

• The gut microbiota and host post-translational modifications (PTMs) engage in complex communication.
• A functionally integrated microbiota-host PTM axis is crucial for metabolic homeostasis and disease regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review microbial modulation of host PTMs via substrate provisioning and enzyme activity.
• To highlight microbiota-regulated PTMs in immune cell fate.
• To summarize PTM dysregulation in diseases and propose therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of existing research on the gut microbiota-host PTM axis.
• Analysis of mechanisms of microbial PTM modulation.
• Synthesis of data on PTM dysregulation in various pathologies.

Main Results:

• Microbes regulate host PTMs by altering substrate availability and enzyme function.
• Microbiota-influenced PTMs play significant roles in immune cell differentiation and function.
• Dysregulation of the microbiota-PTM axis is implicated in inflammatory bowel disease, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic kidney disease, and colorectal cancer.

Conclusions:

• The gut microbiota-host PTM axis is a critical regulator of host physiology and disease.
• Targeting this axis presents a promising therapeutic avenue for multiple chronic diseases.
• Restoring homeostasis through microbiota-PTM axis modulation is a key future strategy.