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Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Flow Cytometry to Estimate Leukemia Stem Cells in Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia and in Patient-derived-xenografts, at Diagnosis and Follow Up

Flow Cytometry to Estimate Leukemia Stem Cells in Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia and in Patient-derived-xenografts, at Diagnosis and Follow Up

Published on: March 26, 2018

A comprehensive assessment using multiple factors based on HAS-Flow analysis predicts ATL development and

Hideaki Nakamura¹, Tatsuro Watanabe², Akemi Sato³

¹Department of Transfusion Medicine, Saga University Hospital, Nabeshima 5-1-1, Saga, 849-8501, Japan. sr3977@cc.saga-u.ac.jp.

Scientific Reports

|July 22, 2025

Summary

Predicting Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) risk in Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) carriers is improved by assessing cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) expression via flow cytometry and identifying HTLV-1 integration sites.

Keywords:

ATL HAS-Flow HTLV-1 Identification of the HTLV-1 integration site Prediction of development and progression of ATL

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Last Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Flow Cytometry to Estimate Leukemia Stem Cells in Primary Acute Myeloid Leukemia and in Patient-derived-xenografts, at Diagnosis and Follow Up

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Microfluidic Imaging Flow Cytometry by Asymmetric-detection Time-stretch Optical Microscopy ATOM

Published on: June 28, 2017

Area of Science:

Virology
Immunology
Oncology

Background:

Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a malignancy developing decades after Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) infection.
Factors such as proviral load (PVL), soluble interleukin-2 receptors (sIL-2R), and clonality are implicated in ATL pathogenesis.
A comprehensive assessment integrating multiple predictive factors for ATL development and progression using flow cytometry has been lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the utility of a comprehensive flow cytometry-based assessment (HAS-Flow) combined with other biomarkers for predicting ATL development and progression in asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers.
To establish correlations between cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) expression levels, sIL-2R, PVL, and HTLV-1 integration sites with ATL onset and aggressiveness.

Main Methods:

A 10-year prospective follow-up study of 160 asymptomatic HTLV-1 carriers.
Utilized HAS-Flow to quantify CADM1-expressing cells, measured PVL and sIL-2R levels, and identified HTLV-1 integration sites.
Classified participants into three groups based on HAS-Flow determined CADM1 expression: ≤10% (Group 1), >10% to ≤25% (Group 2), and >25% (Group 3).

Main Results:

No ATL development was observed in Group 1 (n=115).
ATL developed in 5/33 cases in Group 2 and 9/12 cases in Group 3.
Higher CADM1 expression and elevated sIL-2R levels correlated with earlier ATL development.
One case in Group 2 and six in Group 3 progressed to aggressive ATL, with HTLV-1 integration sites identified in all aggressive cases.

Conclusions:

HAS-Flow assessment of CADM1-expressing cells, in conjunction with sIL-2R levels and HTLV-1 integration site identification, significantly enhances the prediction of ATL development.
These combined biomarkers offer improved prognostic value for identifying individuals at high risk of progressing to aggressive ATL from HTLV-1 infection.