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Large-sized polystyrene microplastics induce oxidative stress in AML12 cells.

Bitian Zhao1, Rui Liu1, Shuhao Guo1

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Large microplastics (MPs) can cause oxidative stress and reduce liver cell viability, triggering apoptosis. Particle size, not surface modification, primarily drives these toxic effects in hepatocytes.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Toxicology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Microplastics (MPs) are prevalent environmental contaminants.
  • Cytotoxicity of large MPs (>20 μm) and modified MPs is poorly understood.
  • Existing research often focuses on smaller MPs or nanoplastics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate oxidative stress (OS)-mediated responses in AML12 cells exposed to large MPs.
  • Evaluate the impact of 50 μm polystyrene MPs (PS-MPs) and amino-modified MPs (PS-NH2-MPs).
  • Focus on apoptosis and ferroptosis pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Exposed AML12 cells to varying concentrations (0-0.5 mg/mL) of PS-MPs and PS-NH2-MPs for 48 hours.
  • Assessed intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels.
  • Measured cell viability and Caspase-9 mRNA expression.

Main Results:

  • High concentration (0.5 mg/mL) PS-MPs increased intracellular ROS and decreased cell viability.
  • Upregulated Caspase-9 mRNA expression indicated OS-driven apoptosis.
  • PS-NH2-MPs did not exacerbate toxicity compared to pristine PS-MPs.
  • Ferroptosis alterations were not significant at concentrations below 0.5 mg/mL.

Conclusions:

  • Large MPs can induce significant oxidative stress and apoptosis in liver cells.
  • Particle size is a dominant factor in hepatocyte response to MPs.
  • Findings offer a toxicological framework for large MPs, highlighting OS in risk assessment.