Expression of interleukin 1-alpha, interleukin 6 and CD 10 in predicting recurrence of ameloblastoma
Nurhazwani Mohd Danil1, Bogahawatte Samarakoon Mudiyanselage Samadarani Siriwardena2, Yet Ching Goh3
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.
Purpose:
Ameloblastoma (AM) is a clinically significant odontogenic tumour known for its local invasive and high post-treatment recurrence risk. Despite advancements in surgical techniques, predicting recurrence remains challenging. The role of immunomarkers in predicting recurrence of ameloblastoma remains non-conclusive. The aim of this study is to investigate the predictability of recurrence using selected immune markers.
Methods:
42 AM samples comprising 16 non-recurrent AM (AMNR), 13 primary tumour of recurrent AM (PAMR), and 13 recurrent AM from the same patient as PAMR (RAM) were immunohistochemically examined for the expression of interleukin 1-alpha (IL-1α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and CD 10. Immunoreactive scoring (IRS) was used to assess the expression levels. The expression levels were further analyzed for the correlation with demographic and clinicopathological parameters of interest.
Results:
The three markers were heterogeneously expressed in the ameloblastoma samples (IL-1α = 97.6%; IL-6 = 97.6% and CD 10 = 90.5%). Major findings were the upregulation of IL-6 (RAM > PAMR > AMNR) in RAM, while IL-1α and CD 10 scored higher in AMNR (AMNR > PAMR > RAM). Further correlation with clinicopathological parameters showed significant association between IL-1α expression with histopathological variants in AMNR (p = 0.03) and PAMR (p = 0.002). IL-6 expression was significantly correlated with tumour locality in AMNR (p = 0.01), and CD 10 showed significant correlation with tumour locality in PAMR (p = 0.02) and subsites of tumour locality in PAMR (p = 0.005) and RAM (p = 0.002).
Conclusion:
The upregulation of IL-6 in recurrent ameloblastoma may predict its potential for recurrence. However, this interpretation should be considered tentative due to the inherent limitations of the study. Immunoexpression of IL-1α and CD 10 requires further investigation to elucidate their roles in tumourigenesis and invasiveness of ameloblastoma.
