Biomimetic Immunoregulators for the Multi-Target Inflammation Interruption in Autoimmune Diseases

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Immunology
• Nanomedicine

Background:

• Autoimmune diseases (AIDs) involve a self-amplifying inflammatory cascade driven by cell-free DNA (cfDNA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and pro-inflammatory cytokines.
• Current single-target therapies show limited efficacy due to the complex interplay of these factors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop novel biomimetic nanoparticles (NPs) for the multi-target management of AIDs.
• To investigate the therapeutic potential of macrophage membrane-coated cerium oxide (CeO2) NPs in neutralizing multiple inflammatory mediators.

Main Methods:

• Construction of biomimetic NPs from macrophage membrane (RM)-coated cerium oxide (CeO2).
• Evaluation of NP circulation, biodistribution, and accumulation at inflamed sites.
• Assessment of NP capabilities in scavenging ROS, neutralizing cytokines, and degrading cfDNA in vitro and in vivo.

Main Results:

• NPs exhibited prolonged blood circulation and targeted accumulation in inflamed tissues.
• RM effectively neutralized pro-inflammatory cytokines, while CeO2 scavenged ROS and degraded cfDNA.
• The NPs successfully interrupted the inflammatory cycle and promoted tissue repair in mouse models of rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune hepatitis.

Conclusions:

• Macrophage membrane-coated cerium oxide NPs offer a promising multi-target therapeutic strategy for AIDs.
• This approach effectively interrupts the inflammatory cascade and facilitates tissue repair.
• The findings have significant implications for developing advanced treatments for autoimmune conditions.