Comprehensive Spatial Investigation of Tuberculosis Dynamics and Affecting Factors in Şanlıurfa, Türkiye (2016-2023)

Area of Science:

• Epidemiology
• Public Health
• Geographic Information Systems (GIS)

Background:

• Tuberculosis (TB) is a persistent global health challenge, disproportionately affecting populations with socio-economic disadvantages.
• Understanding the spatial and temporal dynamics of TB is essential for effective public health interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct a comprehensive spatial analysis of TB dynamics in Şanlıurfa, Türkiye, from 2016 to 2023.
• To identify factors influencing TB incidence and prevalence through the integration of epidemiological, demographic, environmental, and socio-economic data.
• To inform evidence-based TB control strategies tailored to the region.

Main Methods:

• Utilized Geographic Information Systems (GIS) for spatial analysis of TB case distribution.
• Analyzed epidemiological data alongside demographic, environmental, and socio-economic variables.
• Employed advanced statistical techniques to assess spatial clustering and temporal trends.

Main Results:

• Identified significant spatial clustering of TB cases, particularly in areas with high population density, lower socio-economic status, and poor environmental conditions.
• Observed a gradual decline in TB incidence over the study period, with persistent hotspots in specific locations.
• Found a correlation between TB prevalence and inadequate living conditions, underscoring socio-economic factors in disease transmission.

Conclusions:

• Spatial analysis reveals key areas requiring targeted TB interventions in Şanlıurfa.
• Socio-economic improvements and addressing environmental factors are critical for comprehensive TB control.
• Sustained, data-driven strategies are necessary to manage persistent TB hotspots and reduce overall incidence.