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Related Concept Videos

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia01:30

Negative and Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

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Negative symptoms of schizophrenia indicate a reduction or absence of typical behaviors and emotional responses found in healthy individuals, while positive symptoms reflect an excess or distortion of normal functioning.
Negative Symptoms
Negative symptoms of schizophrenia manifest as deficits in normal emotional and behavioral functioning, profoundly impacting daily life. Individuals with schizophrenia often display a flat affect, characterized by a near-total absence of emotional expression,...
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Schizophrenia is a complex mental health disorder that can manifest with various positive symptoms, including thought, movement, and behavior disorders. These symptoms significantly disrupt cognitive and motor functions, leading to profound effects on an individual's ability to engage with the world.
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Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder whose origins are rooted in complex genetic components. Despite our burgeoning understanding, the pathophysiology of this disorder remains incompletely deciphered.
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Schizophrenia, a severe psychiatric disorder, arises from a complex interplay of biological factors, including genetic predisposition, structural brain abnormalities, neurotransmitter dysregulation, and developmental irregularities. These factors collectively contribute to the onset and progression of the disorder, which typically manifests in late adolescence or early adulthood.
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Schizophrenia, a term introduced by Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler in 1911, describes a severe psychological disorder marked by profound disruptions in attention, thought processes, language, emotion, and interpersonal relationships. The core feature of schizophrenia is psychosis — a state characterized by a fundamental detachment from reality. This disconnection manifests through distorted logic, impaired perception, and atypical behavior, severely affecting the lives of those...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 14, 2025

An Automated T-maze Based Apparatus and Protocol for Analyzing Delay- and Effort-based Decision Making in Free Moving Rodents
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Impaired effort allocation in schizophrenia.

Elodie Blouzard1, Fabien Cignetti1, Florent Meyniel2,3

  • 1Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000 Grenoble, France.

Schizophrenia Research. Cognition
|July 23, 2025
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Individuals with schizophrenia show impaired dynamic cost/benefit decision-making. This affects effort allocation, leading to reduced gains and contributing to amotivation in schizophrenia.

Keywords:
AmotivationDecision-makingDynamic effort allocationNegative symptomsSchizophrenia

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Decision Science

Background:

  • Effort allocation is critical in understanding amotivation in schizophrenia.
  • Schizophrenia may involve deficits in dynamic cost/benefit decision-making processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if schizophrenia is associated with impairments in dynamic cost/benefit decision-making.
  • To examine how task difficulty and incentive levels affect effort allocation in individuals with schizophrenia compared to healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • A modified effort allocation task was used.
  • Participants allocated effort over 30-second intervals to maximize gains.
  • Effects of difficulty and incentives on effort allocation were analyzed trial-by-trial.

Main Results:

  • Schizophrenia patients (N=25) showed reduced dynamic adaptation to task parameters versus controls (N=25).
  • Patients exhibited decreased adaptation to difficulty and incentive levels.
  • Schizophrenia patients spent less time exerting effort, leading to lower overall gains.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with schizophrenia have selective impairments in effort-cost decision-making.
  • These deficits may underlie suboptimal effort allocation and reduced goal-directed activity in schizophrenia.