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Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
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Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

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Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
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Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy01:26

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This lesson explores three gastrointestinal imaging techniques: radionuclide testing, colonic transit studies, and virtual colonoscopy.
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Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management01:29

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Diagnosing and managing appendicitis requires a structured and comprehensive approach that spans from initial assessment to postoperative care. Here is an overview of the process:
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Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy01:25

Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy

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The colon, or large intestine, is the final segment of the digestive system. Its primary functions include absorbing water and vitamins produced by gut bacteria and transforming waste from liquid to solid to form stool. In adults, the large intestine is approximately 5 feet long and consists of four main sections:
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Structured Approach to Colonoscopy Technique Optimization: A Single-Center Experience with Novice Endoscopists
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Sigmoid Volvulus in Children: A Structured Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach.

Klymenko Dmytro1, Slívova Ivana1, Martínek Lubomir2

  • 1Department of Pediatric Surgery, University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.

Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
|July 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Sigmoid volvulus in children requires prompt diagnosis and treatment to prevent serious complications. This study proposes a new algorithm for managing pediatric sigmoid volvulus, improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
ChildColon, sigmoidDecompression, surgicalDiagnostic imagingEndoscopyTreatment outcomeVolvulus

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Surgery
  • Gastroenterology
  • Abdominal Imaging

Background:

  • Sigmoid volvulus is a rare cause of bowel obstruction in children.
  • Timely diagnosis and intervention are crucial to avoid complications like bowel ischemia and peritonitis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a structured diagnostic and treatment algorithm for pediatric sigmoid volvulus.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for managing this condition in children.

Main Methods:

  • Review of two pediatric sigmoid volvulus cases.
  • Comparison of clinical findings with existing literature.
  • Development of a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm.

Main Results:

  • Sigmoid volvulus should be suspected in children with abdominal pain and obstruction symptoms.
  • Diagnosis involves abdominal radiography and CT scans; colonoscopy with detorsion is recommended if no peritonitis is present.
  • Rectal biopsy is essential for excluding Hirschsprung's disease; surgical resection is advised due to high recurrence risk.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed algorithm provides a clear management pathway for pediatric sigmoid volvulus.
  • Early surgical intervention is indicated for peritonitis or pneumoperitoneum.
  • Indocyanine green fluorescence imaging shows promise for assessing bowel viability.