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Updated: Jun 18, 2026

Rapid Fluorescence-based Characterization of Single Extracellular Vesicles in Human Blood with Nanoparticle-tracking Analysis

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Published on: January 7, 2019

Quantum Dot-Based Immunolabelling of Extracellular Vesicles and Detection Using Fluorescence-Based Nanoparticle

Eunyong Ha¹, Yewon Han¹, Minseop Kim¹

¹Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences Hanyang University Seoul Republic of Korea.

Journal of Extracellular Biology

|July 23, 2025

Summary

Quantum dots conjugated to antibodies improve extracellular vesicle (EV) characterisation by enhancing detection sensitivity and enabling the profiling of EV subpopulations, offering a reliable method for EV quality control.

Keywords:

extracellular vesicles fluorescence nanoparticle tracking analysis immunolabelling quantum dots

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Last Updated: Jun 18, 2026

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Nanotechnology
Cell Biology

Background:

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial for intercellular communication and have therapeutic potential.
Current EV characterisation methods like scatter-based nanoparticle tracking analysis (Sc-NTA) lack selectivity.
Existing fluorescence-based methods suffer from false positives and limited photostability.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a robust and sensitive method for extracellular vesicle (EV) characterisation.
To overcome limitations of existing nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) techniques.
To enable accurate profiling of EV subpopulations and improve EV quality control.

Main Methods:

Conjugation of quantum dots (QDs) to antibodies targeting EV markers (CD9, CD63).
Optimization of QD-based immunolabelling protocol for EVs.
Comparison of QD-based immunolabelling with traditional Alexa dye methods using NTA.

Main Results:

QD-based immunolabelling demonstrated enhanced detection sensitivity compared to Alexa dyes.
The method accurately detected smaller EV populations and provided detailed size distribution.
Subpopulations of EVs from various cell lines were successfully profiled.

Conclusions:

Quantum dot-conjugated antibody labelling offers a sensitive and specific method for EV characterisation.
This approach improves the accuracy of EV quantification and heterogeneity analysis.
The developed protocol provides a reliable tool for EV quality control in research and diagnostics.