Radiological Patterns of Pediatric Non-cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis: A Retrospective Study From Oman

Area of Science:

• Radiology
• Pediatric Pulmonology
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• Non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) is underdiagnosed in pediatric populations, especially in the Middle East.
• Early identification is crucial for managing pediatric respiratory conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To characterize high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) features of NCFB in pediatric patients.
• To evaluate associations between HRCT findings and underlying clinical diagnoses in Oman.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective cross-sectional study at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital.
• Reviewed HRCT reports of pediatric patients (≤18 years) diagnosed with NCFB.
• Analyzed clinical features, radiological patterns, lobar involvement, and etiologies.

Main Results:

• 61 pediatric patients with NCFB were analyzed; mean age at diagnosis was 7.3 years.
• Diffuse bronchiectasis (78.7%) was predominant, frequently involving multiple lobes.
• Cylindrical bronchiectasis was universal; cystic and varicose forms were more common in systemic disorders like PID and PCD.

Conclusions:

• HRCT is vital for diagnosing pediatric NCFB, especially in children with recurrent infections or comorbidities.
• Early imaging can prevent irreversible lung damage and guide treatment.
• National guidelines and multidisciplinary assessments can improve diagnostic timeliness and outcomes.