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Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Assessment of Viability of Human Fat Injection into Nude Mice with Micro-Computed Tomography

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Published on: January 7, 2015

Forgotten Surgical Sponge Mimicking Fat Necrosis Following Breast Reduction Surgery.

Sandra Scharfetter¹, Laurenz Weitgasser¹, Florian Wimmer¹

¹From the Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Hospital of St. John of God, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Global Open

|July 23, 2025

Summary

A retained surgical sponge (textiloma) can cause persistent pain and complications after breast surgery, often initially misdiagnosed as fat necrosis. Early detection and prevention through meticulous sponge counts are crucial for patient safety.

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Area of Science:

Surgical complications
Medical imaging
Pathology

Background:

Retained surgical sponges, or textilomas, are rare but serious complications following surgical procedures.
Fat necrosis is a more common post-surgical complication, particularly after breast surgery, and can mimic other conditions.

Observation:

A patient presented with persistent postoperative pain, a right breast lump, delayed wound healing, and fistula formation after breast reduction.
Initial conservative management for one year was based on a misdiagnosis of fat necrosis.

Findings:

A mammogram suggested a retained surgical sponge, later confirmed as textiloma during surgical intervention.
The case demonstrates a delayed diagnosis due to initial misinterpretation of symptoms.

Implications:

Highlights the critical importance of strict intraoperative protocols, such as meticulous surgical sponge counting, to prevent retained foreign objects.
Emphasizes the need for re-evaluation of patients with persistent or unexplained post-operative symptoms to ensure accurate diagnosis and timely treatment.