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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse
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Genetically determined thyroid function and cerebral cortex structure: A Mendelian randomization study.

Xupeng Wu1,2, Hong Liu2, Liangliang Cui2

  • 1Department of Neurology, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.

Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine : Official Organ Wroclaw Medical University
|July 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid function impacts brain structure, with free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) linked to cortical thickness and surface area in specific brain regions. This suggests a causal relationship between thyroid health and brain architecture.

Keywords:
Mendelian randomizationcerebral cortex structurecognitive functionpsychological diseasesthyroid function

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroendocrinology
  • Brain Imaging Genetics
  • Mendelian Randomization Studies

Background:

  • Thyroid dysfunction is linked to cognitive impairment, but its effect on brain structure is understudied.
  • Investigating the causal relationship between thyroid function and brain structural changes is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the causal association between thyroid function (FT4 and TSH) and brain structure using Mendelian randomization.
  • To analyze the impact on cortical thickness and grey matter surface area across 34 brain regions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 2-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis with data from the THYROIDOMICS consortium.
  • Examined eight thyroid function phenotypes (FT4, TSH) in men and women.
  • Applied inverse-variance weighted (IVW) approach, with MR Egger regression and Cochrane's Q for robustness.

Main Results:

  • Free thyroxine (FT4) associated with entorhinal cortex thickness.
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) linked to caudal anterior cingulate and cuneus gyrus thickness.
  • TSH levels correlated with surface area changes in frontal and occipital regions, and pars opercularis.

Conclusions:

  • Findings suggest a potential causal link between thyroid function and the cortical architecture of brain regions implicated in neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.
  • Highlights the importance of thyroid health for maintaining brain structure and function.