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Cognitive Control Decision-Making Dynamics Across Internalizing and Externalizing Symptoms in Youth.

Stacie L Warren1, Ritesh K Malaiya2, Olivia K Drake2

  • 1Department of Psychology, School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA. stacie.warren@utdallas.edu.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Computational modeling reveals distinct cognitive control issues in childhood behavioral problems. Impaired evidence accumulation links to internalizing and externalizing behaviors, while reduced non-decision time is unique to rule-breaking and aggression.

Keywords:
Child behavior checklistChildhood psychopathologyDrift–diffusion modelExecutive functionFlankerInhibition

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Computational Psychiatry

Background:

  • Childhood behavioral problems have lasting effects, but their cognitive underpinnings are unclear.
  • Understanding cognitive control deficits is key to addressing childhood psychopathology.
  • Previous research often relies on simple reaction time measures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cognitive control mechanisms in childhood behavioral problems using computational modeling.
  • To compare the predictive utility of reaction time (RT) and drift-diffusion models (DDM) in explaining behavioral symptoms.
  • To identify specific cognitive control parameters associated with transdiagnostic symptom domains.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a flanker task with both congruent and incongruent conditions.
  • Employed traditional reaction time (RT) measures and a drift-diffusion model (DDM) with parameters for boundary separation, bias, drift rate, and non-decision time.
  • Analyzed data from 10,343 children (mean age 10.0 years) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study using simultaneous regression models.

Main Results:

  • RT-only models showed slower reaction times correlated with more behavioral problems.
  • DDM regressions explained more variance in symptom domains than RT models.
  • Impoverished evidence accumulation (DDM drift rate) was linked to both internalizing and externalizing behaviors.
  • Reduced non-decision time (DDM) was uniquely associated with rule-breaking and aggressive behaviors.

Conclusions:

  • Different facets of cognitive control are specifically associated with distinct childhood behavioral problems.
  • Computational modeling offers deeper insights into cognitive control dynamics than RT measures alone.
  • Targeting ineffective cognitive control may be crucial for preventing and intervening in childhood psychopathology.