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Effects of Caffeine on THP-1 Myelogenous Cell Inflammatory Gene Expression

Zeyar T Htun1, Thomas M Raffay2, Richard J Martin2

  • 1Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, New York University Grossman Long Island School of Medicine, Mineola, NY 11501, USA.

Current Issues in Molecular Biology
|July 23, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Caffeine reduces inflammatory gene expression in monocytes, suggesting a broader therapeutic role beyond treating apnea of prematurity in infants. This study highlights caffeine's anti-inflammatory potential in neonatal intensive care settings.

Area of Science:

  • Neonatal Medicine
  • Pharmacology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Caffeine is a standard treatment for apnea of prematurity in neonatal intensive care units.
  • Beyond respiratory stimulation, caffeine exhibits anti-inflammatory properties.
  • The anti-inflammatory effects of caffeine on monocytes in a pro-inflammatory state are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate caffeine's impact on inflammatory gene expression in THP-1 pre-monocytes stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS).
  • To compare the effects of caffeine administered before (prophylaxis) and after (treatment) LPS exposure.
  • To determine optimal physiological caffeine concentrations for anti-inflammatory effects.

Main Methods:

  • THP-1 pre-monocytes were exposed to LPS to mimic inflammation.
  • Caffeine was administered at various physiological dosages, both pre-LPS and post-LPS.
  • Quantitative analysis of pro-inflammatory gene expression (TNF-α, NF-κB, IL-8, PPARγ) was performed.

Main Results:

  • Post-LPS caffeine treatment showed a dose-dependent decrease in TNF-α and NF-κB gene expression at concentrations of 50-100 μM.
  • Pre-LPS caffeine administration (prophylaxis) reduced TNF-α and NF-κB gene expression across all tested concentrations.
  • These findings suggest an optimal anti-inflammatory range for caffeine in monocytes.

Conclusions:

  • Caffeine demonstrates significant anti-inflammatory effects on monocytes, reducing key pro-inflammatory gene expression.
  • Caffeine's therapeutic potential extends to modulating inflammatory responses in gram-negative infections.
  • These findings support caffeine's multifaceted role in neonatal care, impacting both respiratory and inflammatory pathways.

Keywords:
caffeineinflammationmonocytes

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