Natural Bioactive Compounds in Sheep Milk: Potential Biomedical Applications

Sheep milk is a rich source of bioactive compounds with significant potential in functional foods and biomedical applications. It contains high levels of proteins, peptides, and fatty acids with numerous health-promoting properties for the human body. Key components such as lactoferrin, proline, orotic acid, and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) support the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, obesity, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. Bioactive peptides from sheep milk regulate blood glucose levels by inhibiting enzymes such as dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) and α-glucosidase, while conjugated linoleic acid improves lipid metabolism and reduces inflammation. The high-quality proteins in sheep milk are essential for tissue regeneration and maintaining muscle mass, which is particularly beneficial for the elderly and infants who are allergic to cow milk. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in hydrogel dressings enriched with bioactive substances from sheep milk, which support wound healing by supporting collagen synthesis, reducing inflammation, and having antimicrobial properties. Such hydrogels are particularly promising for the treatment of chronic wounds, burns, and diabetic ulcers, making them a valuable tool in regenerative medicine. The aim of this manuscript is to review the current reports on bioactive components of sheep milk and their potential for biomedical applications.