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Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Analysis of Congenital Heart Defects in Mouse Embryos Using Qualitative and Quantitative Histological Methods
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Analysis of Congenital Heart Defects in Mouse Embryos Using Qualitative and Quantitative Histological Methods

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Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Congenital Heart Defects: Retinoic Acid Deficiency as a Potential Mechanism in

Roberto Paparella1, Carolina Putotto1, Marco Fiore2

  • 1Department of Maternal Infantile and Urological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.

Pathophysiology : the Official Journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology
|July 23, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a leading cause of developmental disabilities. Prenatal alcohol exposure may cause heart defects like d-TGA by interfering with retinoic acid, requiring further study.

Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Teratology
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) is a preventable cause of developmental disabilities.
  • Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are common in FASD, particularly dextro-type transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA).
  • Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) is the primary risk factor for FASD.

Keywords:
cardiovascular disorderscongenital heart defectsfetal alcohol spectrum disorderprenatal alcohol exposureretinoic acidtransposition of the great arteries

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