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Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
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Combined Cognitive and Exercise Training Enhances Muscular Strength and Endurance: A Pilot Study.

Alexandru Rautu1, Jesús Díaz-García2,3, Christopher Ring1

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Combined cognitive and resistance exercise training significantly boosts muscular strength and endurance. This 4-week program enhanced both maximal strength (one repetition maximum) and repetitions (as many repetitions as possible).

Keywords:
combined trainingenduranceresistance exercisestrength

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Combined training, integrating cognitive and exercise stimuli, is known to improve endurance.
  • The impact of combined training on maximal muscular strength remains largely undetermined.
  • This study investigated the effects of combined training on muscular strength and endurance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the effects of a 4-week combined cognitive and resistance training program on maximal muscular strength (one repetition maximum, 1RM).
  • To assess the impact of this combined training on muscular endurance (as many repetitions as possible, AMRAP).
  • To evaluate changes in perceived exertion and mental fatigue.

Main Methods:

  • Eighteen resistance-trained adults (5 males, 3 females) participated in ten sessions over 4 weeks.
  • Sessions included assessments of 1RM and AMRAP, followed by resistance exercise (5 sets of 5 reps at 80% 1RM) interspersed with cognitive tasks.
  • Measures included session ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) and mental fatigue, and a Psychomotor Fatigue Threshold Test.

Main Results:

  • Combined training significantly increased 1RM by 11% (p < 0.001) and AMRAP by 22% (p < 0.01).
  • Session RPE increased by 5% (p < 0.05), while mental fatigue ratings decreased by 49% (p < 0.001).
  • No significant changes were observed in Psychomotor Fatigue Threshold Test reaction times.

Conclusions:

  • A 4-week high-intensity combined cognitive and resistance training program effectively enhances both maximal strength and muscular endurance.
  • This pilot study suggests that combined training is a viable strategy for improving resistance exercise performance.
  • Preliminary evidence supports the efficacy of high-intensity combined training for boosting muscular strength and endurance.