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Cognitive Performance and Quality of Life in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A BICAMS- and PROs-Based Study
María Fernanda Castillo-Zuñiga1,2, Rodolfo Manuel Roman-Guzman1,2, Idefonso Rodríguez-Leyva1,2
1Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad Dr. Ignacio Morones Prieto, San Luis Potosí 78210, Mexico.
Background:
Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common and disabling symptom in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), potentially emerging at any stage, including preclinical phases. Despite its impact on quality of life, CI often goes unrecognized, as clinical follow-up typically focuses on motor and sensory symptoms. Validated tools, such as the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) and patient-reported outcomes (PROs), should be integrated into routine evaluations beyond the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS).
Objective:
The objective of this study was to evaluate cognitive impairment and quality of life in patients with RRMS using the BICAMS and PROs.
Methods:
This cross-sectional, descriptive study included patients with RRMS under follow-up at a tertiary hospital in San Luis Potosí, Mexico. Participants underwent cognitive screening with the BICAMS battery and completed the MSQoL-54 (quality of life), FSMC (fatigue), and MSIS-29 (functional impact) scales. Statistical analyses included ANOVA, the Kruskal-Wallis test, and Pearson correlations.
Results:
Nineteen patients were evaluated (73.7% female, mean age 36.5 ± 8.9 years). BICAMS results showed variable cognitive performance, with no significant differences across treatment groups for processing speed (p = 0.222), verbal memory (p = 0.082), or visuospatial memory (p = 0.311). A significant correlation was found between verbal and visuospatial memory (r = 0.668, p = 0.002). Total quality of life differed significantly across treatments (F = 8.007, p = 0.029), with a strong correlation between overall quality of life and general health perception (r = 0.793, p < 0.001). Fatigue and MSIS scores showed no association with treatment.
Conclusions:
Cognitive impairment is common in RRMS and can be detected using brief assessment tools, such as the BICAMS. Incorporating cognitive screening and PROs into clinical practice is essential to guide comprehensive management.
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