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Genetic foundations of interindividual neurophysiological variability.

Jason da Silva Castanheira1, Jonathan Poli1,2, Justine Y Hansen1

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Genetic factors influence brain activity and individual traits, with heritable brain dynamics linked to neurotransmission genes. While genetics play a role, individual-specific brain variability remains dominant.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Genetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Neurophysiological brain activity is fundamental to cognitive functions and individual differences.
  • Understanding the genetic underpinnings of these brain dynamics is crucial for explaining behavioral variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the genetic heritability of individual neurophysiological properties.
  • To investigate the relationship between these heritable brain traits and cortical gene expression patterns throughout development.

Main Methods:

  • Task-free magnetoencephalography (MEG) was employed in a twin study design, including monozygotic twins, dizygotic twins, and unrelated individuals.
  • Analysis focused on identifying genetic influences on neurophysiological traits and their correlation with gene expression data.

Main Results:

  • Neurophysiological traits showed significantly higher similarity in monozygotic twins compared to dizygotic twins and unrelated individuals, confirming a genetic influence.
  • Heritable brain dynamics were predominantly associated with genes involved in neurotransmission.
  • Gene expression patterns related to individual differentiation aligned with adult cortical gene expression profiles.

Conclusions:

  • A persistent genetic influence on neurophysiological activity contributes to individual cognitive and behavioral variability.
  • Heritable brain dynamics follow a topographical gradient mirroring psychological functions like attention and emotion.