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Metabolic and Proteomic Shifts in Macrophomina phaseolina Induced by Bacillus subtilis Cell-Free Extract

Priyanka Chauhan1,2,3, Pratibha Verma1,2,3, Arpita Bhattacharya1,2

  • 1Division of Microbial Technology, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India.

Phytopathology
|July 23, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Bacillus subtilis M-4

Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Pathology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Macrophomina phaseolina causes charcoal rot, a significant threat to soybean production.
  • The pathogen's microsclerotia formation complicates disease management.
  • Bacillus subtilis M-4 shows promise as a biocontrol agent.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the antifungal efficacy of Bacillus subtilis M-4 components against Macrophomina phaseolina.
  • To elucidate the molecular and metabolic mechanisms of biocontrol.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro antifungal assays using cell-free filtrate (BS-CFF) and bacterial pellet (BS-BP).
  • RT-qPCR to analyze gene expression in Macrophomina phaseolina.
  • Proteomic analysis to identify protein changes.
  • Phenotype microarray assay to assess metabolic activity.

Main Results:

  • BS-CFF significantly inhibited Macrophomina phaseolina growth and reduced host plant infection.
  • BS-CFF downregulated essential fungal mitochondrial genes (nad5, atp6, cob, rps3, rnl).
  • Proteomic analysis revealed downregulation of proteins involved in genetic processing, metabolism, signaling, and defense.
  • BS-CFF completely suppressed the utilization of 18 essential amino acid and nitrogen substrates.

Conclusions:

  • Bacillus subtilis M-4's cell-free filtrate offers effective biocontrol against Macrophomina phaseolina.
  • BS-CFF acts by downregulating critical fungal genes, proteins, and metabolic pathways.
  • This study provides molecular insights for developing novel strategies for charcoal rot disease management.
Keywords:
Bacillus subtilisMacrophomina phaseolinabiocontrolmitochondrial geneproteomic analysissubstrate utilization

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