Current methods for evaluating speech sound disorders in multilingual preschoolers: a scoping review protocol
Nicole Biagina Marina Bazzocchi1,2, Karla N Washington3,2,4,5
1Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada nicole.bazzocchi@mail.utoronto.ca.
BMJ Open
|July 23, 2025
Summary
This review examines speech sound disorder (SSD) assessments for multilingual preschoolers using the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) framework. It identifies gaps in current measures to improve diagnosis and support for diverse language learners.
Area of Science:
- Linguistics
- Speech-Language Pathology
- Developmental Psychology
Background:
- Multilingualism is common globally, yet SSD assessments often overlook diverse linguistic backgrounds.
- Current assessment tools risk misdiagnosing speech sound disorders (SSD) in multilingual children.
- The International Classification of Functioning and Disability-Child and Youth (ICF) framework provides a structure for evaluating SSD in this population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review evidence on assessing SSD in multilingual preschoolers (up to 5 years 11 months).
- To analyze assessment measures through the ICF framework, identifying strengths and weaknesses.
- To guide clinicians and researchers in improving SSD assessment for multilingual children.
Main Methods:
- A scoping review protocol following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology.
- Comprehensive literature search across major databases (Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL Plus, EMBASE, Web of Science) and grey literature.
- Data extraction and analysis by a three-reviewer team, mapped using the ICF framework.
Main Results:
- Evidence mapping of assessment measures for multilingual preschoolers with SSD.
- Analysis of how current measures align with the ICF framework's domains.
- Identification of research gaps in SSD assessment for diverse linguistic populations.
Conclusions:
- Current SSD assessment tools are often inadequate for multilingual preschoolers.
- The ICF framework offers a valuable structure for developing more comprehensive assessments.
- Further research is needed to create culturally and linguistically appropriate SSD assessment tools.
