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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Regulation of Hematopoietic Stem Cells01:01

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

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The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

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Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Isolation and Expansion of Cytotoxic Cytokine-induced Killer T Cells for Cancer Treatment
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Cytokine-based immunotherapy in hematolymphoid malignancies.

Mário Sousa-Pimenta1, Nuno R Dos Santos2

  • 1i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Portuguese Institute of Oncology of Porto (IPO Porto), Porto, Portugal.

International Review of Cell and Molecular Biology
|July 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Bioengineered cytokines are being re-evaluated for cancer therapy, offering improved treatments for hematological malignancies when combined with other therapies. These advancements enhance immune response and patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Cytokineshematologicalimmunotherapyleukemialymphomamalignanciesmyeloma

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Cytokines are crucial for immune regulation, bridging innate and adaptive immunity.
  • Early cytokine therapies faced challenges due to poor pharmacokinetics and competition from newer treatments.
  • Recent bioengineering has improved cytokine half-lives and reduced side effects, prompting re-evaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in cytokine-based therapies for hematological malignancies.
  • To explore the use of cytokines as monotherapy and in combination treatments.
  • To highlight the role of cytokines in enhancing cellular therapies and immune reconstitution.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on cytokine-based cancer therapies.
  • Analysis of bioengineered cytokines with improved pharmacokinetic profiles.
  • Examination of combination strategies involving cytokines, chemotherapy, and cellular therapies.

Main Results:

  • Bioengineered cytokines show promise for improved therapeutic potential.
  • Cytokines enhance the efficacy of monoclonal antibodies, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and cancer vaccines.
  • Cytokines support ex vivo expansion and in vivo function of cellular therapies and aid immune reconstitution after transplantation.

Conclusions:

  • Cytokine-based therapies are being revitalized, particularly for hematological malignancies.
  • Combination strategies involving cytokines offer enhanced treatment options.
  • Cytokines play a vital role in improving immune function and patient outcomes in oncology.