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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 14, 2025

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A gut sense for a microbial pattern regulates feeding.

Winston W Liu1,2,3,4, Naama Reicher1,3, Emily Alway1,2,3

  • 1Laboratory of Gut Brain Neurobiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.

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|July 23, 2025
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This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists discovered a new gut-brain sense called the neurobiotic sense. This sense uses flagellin, a microbial molecule, to signal the brain via Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) and regulate feeding behavior.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The host requires mechanisms to sense and respond to resident microorganisms.
  • Gut-brain communication regulates host behavior, including feeding choices.
  • A real-time sensory mechanism for gut microbial stimuli was previously unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To uncover a sensory mechanism enabling hosts to respond to gut microbial stimuli.
  • To identify the molecular pathways involved in microbial sensing in the colon.
  • To characterize the role of this sense in regulating host behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the effect of flagellin on colonic neuropod cells in mice.
  • Utilized Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) knockout models.
  • Examined peptide YY (PYY) release and vagal nodose neuron activation.
  • Assessed feeding behavior and weight gain in response to flagellin.

Main Results:

  • Flagellin stimulates TLR5 in colonic neuropod cells, leading to PYY release.
  • This signaling pathway regulates feeding behavior, reducing food intake.
  • Mice lacking TLR5 in neuropod cells exhibit increased food intake and weight gain.
  • Flagellin-induced feeding reduction is independent of immune responses or the presence of microbiota.

Conclusions:

  • A novel gut-brain sensory pathway, the neurobiotic sense, has been identified.
  • This sense allows hosts to adjust behavior in response to microbial molecular patterns like flagellin.
  • The neurobiotic sense operates via a gut-brain neural circuit involving neuropod cells and vagal neurons.