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Correctness of Cardiovascular Risk Perception in Primary Prevention Care: An Italian Cross-Sectional Multicenter

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health
  • Preventive Medicine

Background:

  • Individual cardiovascular disease risk assessment is crucial for primary prevention.
  • However, public perception of personal cardiovascular risk often differs from reality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare perceived cardiovascular risk with calculated real risk in an Italian population undergoing screening.
  • To identify factors associated with inaccurate cardiovascular risk perception.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional, multicenter study included 286 Italian adults (40-69 years) without prior cardiovascular events.
  • Cardiovascular risk perception was assessed via a 5-point Likert scale; real risk was calculated using the SCORE2 algorithm.
  • Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected to analyze associations with risk perception.

Main Results:

  • Most participants (67.8%) had low/moderate real cardiovascular risk and perceived it accurately (91.2%).
  • However, among those with high/very high real risk (32.2%), a significant majority (91-94%) had incorrect risk perception.
  • Inaccurate risk perception was strongly associated with sociodemographic factors (sex, age, education, employment) and clinical factors (smoking, blood pressure, lipids).

Conclusions:

  • Incorrect cardiovascular risk perception in the Italian general population is linked to characteristics that elevate actual cardiovascular risk.
  • Community cardiovascular screening programs should incorporate assessment of risk perception.
  • Further research is needed to understand the determinants and consequences of risk perception inaccuracies.