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Author Spotlight: Advancing Antiviral Strategies Through Novel Immunocapture and Mass Spectrometry Techniques
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Author Spotlight: Advancing Antiviral Strategies Through Novel Immunocapture and Mass Spectrometry Techniques

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Broad-spectrum coronavirus vaccines: integrated strategies to combat viral diversity

Qian He1,2, Yi Zhang3, Zhihao Fu1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Drug Regulatory Science, Evaluation of Biological Products, Key Laboratory of Research On Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Institute of Biological Products, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.

Expert Review of Vaccines
|July 24, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Broad-spectrum coronavirus vaccines are crucial for combating current and future Betacoronavirus threats. Continued research into universal vaccines, incorporating AI and structural biology, is essential for global health security.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Three major Betacoronavirus public health emergencies in the early 21st century highlight significant global risks.
  • The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the critical role of vaccines, but emerging variants necessitate ongoing vaccine development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review advancements in broad-spectrum and pan-coronavirus vaccine development.
  • To identify challenges and propose strategic directions for future vaccine research.
  • To provide references for the development of universal coronavirus vaccines.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of recent broad-spectrum coronavirus vaccine development.
  • Analysis of current challenges and future strategic directions.
  • Integration of expert opinions on vaccine development priorities.

Main Results:

  • Broad-spectrum vaccines offer a powerful strategy against known and unknown coronavirus threats.
  • Prioritizing Betacoronavirus vaccines provides near-term solutions.
  • Long-term success requires integrating AI, structural biology, and focusing on durable immunity and mucosal strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous development of updated vaccines is necessary due to emerging variants.
  • Future vaccine strategies must address viral diversity and aim for durable, broad protection.
  • Interdisciplinary collaboration is key to achieving universal coronavirus vaccine protection.
Keywords:
BetacoronavirusBroad-spectrum vaccineantigen designcross-reactive immunitypan-coronavirus vaccine

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