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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

Published on: May 29, 2018

Dynamic Imaging of Solvent Exchange-Induced Interlayer Shifting in Single Two-Dimensional Covalent Organic

Xiaojuan Li¹, Qiongyao Ning², Jiaqi Yao²

¹School of Materials and Chemistry, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, P. R. China.

Analytical Chemistry

|July 24, 2025

Summary

Researchers visualized solvent exchange-induced interlayer shifting in single 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs). This dynamic imaging reveals particle heterogeneity and solvent effects, advancing understanding of COF properties.

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Last Updated: Sep 14, 2025

Novel Techniques for Observing Structural Dynamics of Photoresponsive Liquid Crystals

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Published on: May 29, 2018

Microfluidic-based Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks COFs: A Tool for Continuous Production of COF Fibers and Direct Printing on a Surface

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Published on: July 10, 2017

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Orientational Transition in a Liquid Crystal Triggered by the Thermodynamic Growth of Interfacial Wetting Sheets

Published on: May 15, 2017

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Interlayer shifting in 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) significantly impacts their sorption and catalytic performance.
Existing analytical methods provide static, averaged data from bulk samples, limiting insight into dynamic interlayer processes in individual COFs.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and apply a real-time imaging technique for observing solvent exchange-induced interlayer shifting in single 2D COFs.
To investigate the dynamics, heterogeneity, and influencing factors of interlayer shifting in response to solvent exchange.

Main Methods:

Utilized in situ dark-field optical microscopy (DFM) for real-time dynamic imaging of individual 2D COFs.
Employed grayscale intensity analysis of DFM images to quantify interlayer shifting and pore size changes.
Performed theoretical simulations to elucidate the governing factors and thermodynamic pathways of interlayer shifting.

Main Results:

Successfully visualized solvent exchange-induced interlayer shifting in triphenylbenzene (TPB)-based COFs.
Observed an increase in pore size (from quasi-AB to AA stacking) facilitating guest molecule accommodation and increased scattering intensity.
Demonstrated significant particle-to-particle heterogeneity in shifting dynamics, influenced by solvent viscosity and interlayer interaction strength.

Conclusions:

The developed DFM imaging methodology enables direct observation of dynamic interlayer shifting in single 2D COFs.
Solvent exchange triggers interlayer shifting, altering pore size and impacting COF functionality.
Theoretical simulations confirm that stacking energies and thermodynamic preferences govern the shifting process during solvent exchange.