Determinants of public environmental satisfaction: an analysis based on socio-ecological system theory

Public environmental satisfaction, reflecting individuals' evaluations of environmental conditions, is a key indicator of government performance in environmental governance.

This study explores the determinants of public environmental satisfaction through the lens of socio-ecological systems theory, focusing on three analytical dimensions: the microsystem, mesosystem, and macrosystem. Drawing on data from the 2021 Chinese Social Survey, the analysis yields several important findings.

First, microsystem factors play the most significant role. Perceived environmental pollution notably reduces satisfaction, while satisfaction with government performance, personal life, and broader societal conditions significantly enhances it. Second, mesosystem factors have a comparatively weaker influence. Internet usage shows no significant effect, and passive or non-institutional forms of public participation are associated with lower satisfaction. Third, macrosystem factors-particularly institutional integrity, transparency of environmental information, and government responsiveness-positively and significantly shape public environmental satisfaction.

Overall, this study offers a comprehensive assessment of the multi-level influences on public environmental satisfaction and underscores the dominant role of individual-level perceptions. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers seeking to strengthen environmental governance and improve public well-being.