Differences in patterns of pup care in mice. V--Pup ultrasonic emissions and pup care behavior

Newborn mice, like all newborn rodents, are able to emit high frequency signals, in particular when they are put out of the nest. Moreover, it is known that in this situation retrieving behaviors are induced in the foster mother, which are likely to reveal stable differences across inbred strains of mice. The question that arises is whether these differences are causally linked to differences in the pup rate of signalling and/or to the capacity of the females of these strains to perceive them. To provide insights into this question, the behavior of 8 inbred strains of mice was observed: A/J, BALB/c, CBA/H, C57BL/6, C57Br, DBA, NZB and XLII. Pup ultrasonic calls of each of these strains, emitted in the same conditions as a retrieving test, were recorded and tabulated. Auditory sensitivities of females belonging to these strains were determined by auditory evoked potentials recorded in the inferior colliculus. These two variables were analysed in relation to scores of females of these strains on three variables of a retrieving test. Results show that the presence of other factors than auditory cues must be taken into account to describe differences across strains in retrieving performances. This conclusion has been confirmed by results obtained using cross-fostering procedure. Female mice unable to utilize ultrasonic information may use other sensory channels. Furthermore, female mice capable of perceiving ultrasounds may also be able to use different sensory modalities in different situations.