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Related Concept Videos

Nuclear Transmutation03:20

Nuclear Transmutation

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Nuclear transmutation is the conversion of one nuclide into another. It can occur by the radioactive decay of a nucleus, or the reaction of a nucleus with another particle. The first manmade nucleus was produced in Ernest Rutherford’s laboratory in 1919 by a transmutation reaction, the bombardment of one type of nuclei with other nuclei or with neutrons. Rutherford bombarded nitrogen-14 atoms with high-speed α particles from a natural radioactive isotope of radium and observed...
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Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together...
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Nuclear Power02:36

Nuclear Power

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Controlled nuclear fission reactions are used to generate electricity. Any nuclear reactor that produces power via the fission of uranium or plutonium by bombardment with neutrons has six components: nuclear fuel consisting of fissionable material, a nuclear moderator, a neutron source, control rods, reactor coolant, and a shield and containment system.
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Nuclear Fission02:50

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Many heavier elements with smaller binding energies per nucleon can decompose into more stable elements that have intermediate mass numbers and larger binding energies per nucleon—that is, mass numbers and binding energies per nucleon that are closer to the “peak” of the binding energy graph near 56. Sometimes neutrons are also produced. This decomposition of a large nucleus into smaller pieces is called fission. The breaking is rather random with the formation of a large...
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Nuclear Fusion02:45

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The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
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Nuclear Export01:42

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The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
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Laser-heating and Radiance Spectrometry for the Study of Nuclear Materials in Conditions Simulating a Nuclear Power Plant Accident
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Ending Nuclear Weapons, Before They End Us.

Kamran Abbasi1, Parveen Ali2, Virginia Barbour3

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The World Health Assembly will vote on renewing the World Health Organization's mandate to address nuclear weapon health risks. This action is crucial given the current global nuclear arms race and the need for evidence-based public health education.

Keywords:
Nuclear Arms ControlNuclear Free WorldNuclear Weapons

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Area of Science:

  • Global Health Security
  • Public Health Policy
  • International Relations

Background:

  • The World Health Organization's (WHO) mandate to address the health consequences of nuclear weapons and war lapsed in 2020.
  • A global nuclear arms race is indicated by reduced commitment to nuclear arms reduction from nuclear states.
  • The Marshall Islands, Samoa, and Vanuatu, with co-sponsors and IPPNW, are advocating for the renewal of this mandate.

Discussion:

  • The upcoming World Health Assembly (WHA) in May 2025 presents a critical opportunity to re-establish the WHO's role in nuclear health.
  • A renewed mandate would empower the WHO to lead in providing authoritative health evidence on nuclear threats.
  • This initiative aims to inform UN panels and advance global health education regarding nuclear weapons and war.

Key Insights:

  • The WHA vote in May 2025 is pivotal for reinstating the WHO's focus on nuclear weapon health impacts.
  • Renewing the mandate is essential for countering the health risks posed by a potential global nuclear arms race.
  • International collaboration is driving the effort to re-establish WHO's program on nuclear weapons and health.

Outlook:

  • Successful renewal of the WHO mandate will enable comprehensive research and education on nuclear weapon health effects.
  • This initiative seeks to strengthen global health preparedness and response to nuclear threats.
  • The long-term goal is to reduce the health risks associated with nuclear weapons and war through evidence-based advocacy.