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Disability, Subject-Dependence, and the Bad-Difference View.

Shu Ishida1, Mitsuru Sasaki-Honda2,3, Tsutomu Sawai1,4,5

  • 1Uehiro Division for Applied Ethics, Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Disability is not inherently neutral or bad; it is only detrimental if it impedes an individual's desired life, supporting personalized care and assistive technology research.

Keywords:
disabilitypersonalizationthe bad‐difference viewthe mere‐difference viewwell‐being

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Area of Science:

  • Philosophy of disability
  • Bioethics
  • Social philosophy

Background:

  • The "mere-difference" view posits disability is neutral for well-being, akin to race or gender.
  • The "bad-difference" view asserts disability is intrinsically negative, irrespective of societal ableism.
  • Existing views fail to capture the diverse experiences of disabled individuals and their varied disabilities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critique the "mere-difference" and "bad-difference" views of disability.
  • To propose the "conditional bad-difference" view as a more nuanced alternative.
  • To establish an ethical framework for disability-related policies and practices.

Main Methods:

  • Philosophical analysis of existing disability perspectives.
  • Development of the "conditional bad-difference" theory.
  • Ethical argumentation for practical applications.

Main Results:

  • Neither the "mere-difference" nor the "bad-difference" view adequately accounts for disability diversity.
  • The proposed "conditional bad-difference" view states disability is negative only if it obstructs an individual's aspired way of life, even without ableism.
  • This conditional view is theoretically moderate and ethically robust.

Conclusions:

  • The "conditional bad-difference" view offers a more plausible and sensitive understanding of disability.
  • This perspective provides a strong ethical basis for personalized healthcare and user-led assistive technology research.
  • It advocates for policies that respect the diverse needs and values of disabled people.